general
- Generic Name : Ketorolac
- Pronunciation : KEE-toe-ROLE-ak
- ICD Code : Y45.3
- Therapeutic Classification : Analgesics
- Trade Names/Brand Names of Ketorolac(India):
Cadolac (30mg),Cadolac (10mg),Ketoflox,Ocilac,Cadolac,Torolac Drops,Ketromox,Ketorol (10mg),Algic Eye,Ketin - International:
Toradol, Sprix, Toradol Iv/Im, Toradol Im Acular, Acuvail, Acular Ls, Acular Pf
prescription
This medication, classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is typically prescribed for short-term relief of intense pain, commonly occurring post-surgery where potent pain relief akin to opioids is necessary, but without the accompanying side effects of opioids. Its mechanism involves halting the body’s production of pain, fever, and inflammation-inducing substances such as prostaglandins and histamines.
risk factors
This medication is contraindicated in patients with allergies to aspirin or other NSAIDs, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney or liver disease, asthma, dehydration, pregnancy, or lactation. Additionally, it should not be administered postoperatively to patients at high risk of bleeding.
side effects
- The most common side effects of this medication include rash, ringing in the ears, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, and fluid retention. In the body as a whole, swelling in limbs, weight gain, fever, infections, weakness, and hypersensitivity reactions may occur.
- Regarding the heart, potential side effects include high blood pressure, palpitations, pallor, syncope, low blood pressure, and flushing. Skin-related reactions may manifest as itching, rash, necrosis, life-threatening allergic reactions, scaling, and hives.
- Gastrointestinal side effects may encompass nausea, indigestion, gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, gastrointestinal fullness, vomiting, mouth ulcers, rectal bleeding, eructation, loss of appetite, increased appetite, peptic ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, blood in stool, and acute inflammation of the pancreas.
- Blood-related side effects may include bruising, nosebleeds, anemia, and eosinophilia. Central nervous system effects could involve headache, drowsiness, dizziness, sweating, tremors, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, emotional changes, involuntary movements, vertigo, tingling, depression, insomnia, nervousness, excessive thirst, dry mouth, abnormal thinking, inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, stupor, convulsions, psychosis, and brain inflammation.
- Respiratory side effects may manifest as difficulty in breathing, pulmonary edema, runny nose, cough, asthma, and bronchospasm. Eye and ear-related symptoms might include abnormal taste, abnormal vision, blurred vision, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
- Genitourinary effects could involve blood in urine, protein in urine, decreased urination, urinary retention, increased urinary frequency, flank pain with or without blood and/or nitrogen in urine, inflammation of the kidney, and hyponatremia (low sodium concentration in the blood).
- Liver-related adverse effects may include liver failure and jaundice. In severe cases, potentially fatal reactions such as anaphylaxis, severe skin reactions, heart attack, stroke, and gastrointestinal bleeding may occur. It’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention if any severe side effects develop.
dosage
For adults, when administered orally for moderate to severe pain, the typical dosage is 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours, with a maximum daily dose of 40 mg. The duration of oral administration should not exceed 7 days.
For intramuscular or intravenous administration for moderate to severe pain, the recommended dose is 60 mg via intramuscular injection or 30 mg via intravenous injection.
In cases of ocular itching, a 0.5% solution can be used, with 1 drop instilled into the affected eye up to 4 times a day.
For post-operative eye inflammation, the same 0.5% solution can be used, with 1 drop instilled into the eye affected by inflammation up to 4 times a day for a duration of 2 weeks, starting 24 hours after surgery.
These dosage guidelines should be followed carefully under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
how to take
It is available in tablet form for oral administration, typically taken every 4 to 6 hours either on a schedule or as needed for pain relief. Additionally, it comes in the form of eye drops to be instilled into the affected eyes as directed by a physician.
warning
- This medication may induce drowsiness or dizziness. Refrain from driving a car or operating machinery until you understand its effects on you.
- Avoid consuming alcohol while on this medication.
- Exercise caution in patients with a history of heart failure, as well as those predisposed to reduced blood volume or kidney blood flow, as it may result in mild kidney disease; closely monitor kidney function. Extra vigilance is advised in elderly patients, individuals with a weight above 50 kg, and those with liver dysfunction.